Chow Chow Recipe: A Classic Relish with Modern Flair

What is Chow Chow?

The History and Origin of Chow Chow Relish

Chow chow is a tangy, sweet-and-sour relish traditionally made from a mix of pickled vegetables, such as cabbage, green tomatoes, onions, and peppers. Its origins are rooted in Southern American cuisine, though its history likely traces back to various cultural influences, including European pickling traditions and Asian-inspired chutneys.

The name “chow chow” is believed to have derived from the Chinese word “chow,” meaning food, or the French word “chou,” meaning cabbage. The relish gained popularity in the United States during the 19th century as a way to preserve the season’s harvest, particularly in rural Southern communities.

Regional Variations in Chow Chow

Chow chow varies widely depending on the region and the cook’s personal preferences:

1. Southern-Style Chow Chow:
   • Often made with green tomatoes, onions, and cabbage.
   • Typically sweet and tangy, with a vinegary kick.
   • Used as a topping for black-eyed peas, collard greens, and fried chicken.
2. Northern-Style Chow Chow:
   • Includes more root vegetables, such as carrots and cauliflower.
   • Tends to be less sweet and more acidic.
   • Paired with meats and stews.
3. Amish Chow Chow:
   • A sweeter version that may include beans and corn.
   • Popular at markets and fairs, often sold in jars.
   • Served as a side dish or appetizer.

Popular Uses for Chow Chow

Chow chow is versatile and adds a burst of flavor to many dishes. Here are some common uses:

1. Topping for Southern Dishes:
   • A classic accompaniment to black-eyed peas, cornbread, or collard greens.
   • Enhances the flavor of fried or baked meats like chicken and pork chops.
2. Sandwich Spread:
   • Slathered on burgers, hot dogs, or deli sandwiches for added tang.
   • Pairs well with pulled pork or barbecue.
3. Side Dish or Condiment:
   • Served as a relish alongside charcuterie boards.
   • Mixed into potato salads, deviled eggs, or coleslaw for extra zest.
4. As a Canning Favorite:
   • Stored in jars and gifted during holidays as a homemade treat.
   • Preserves garden vegetables for year-round enjoyment.

Chow chow relish remains a beloved staple in many households, cherished for its unique blend of sweet, sour, and savory flavors that bring a comforting, nostalgic touch to meals.

Key Ingredients for Chow Chow

Essential Vegetables

The foundation of chow chow relish lies in its medley of fresh, crunchy vegetables, which provide texture, flavor, and vibrant color. Commonly used vegetables include:

1. Cabbage:
   • Often the main ingredient, it gives chow chow its signature crunch. Both green and red cabbage can be used.
2. Green Tomatoes:
   • A classic addition in Southern-style chow chow, offering a tangy flavor.
3. Bell Peppers:
   • Red, green, or yellow bell peppers add sweetness and a pop of color.
4. Onions:
   • Provide depth and sweetness. Yellow or white onions are most common.
5. Carrots:
   • Optional but frequently included for added crunch and natural sweetness.
6. Hot Peppers (Optional):
   • Jalapeños or other hot peppers can be added for a spicy kick.

Vinegar and Spice Blends

Chow chow’s distinctive sweet-and-sour profile comes from its vinegar and spice mix:

1. Vinegar:
   • White vinegar or apple cider vinegar is essential for pickling and preserving the vegetables. Apple cider vinegar adds a slightly fruity undertone.
2. Sugar:
   • Balances the tartness of the vinegar, with granulated sugar being the most common choice.
3. Salt:
   • Enhances the overall flavor while helping to preserve the relish.
4. Spices:
   • A blend of spices such as mustard seeds, celery seeds, turmeric, and allspice is commonly used.
   • Some recipes also include cloves, ginger, or crushed red pepper for complexity.

Substitution Options

Chow chow is highly adaptable, and substitutions can be made to suit taste preferences or dietary needs:

1. Vegetable Substitutions:
   • Replace cabbage with Brussels sprouts or bok choy for a different texture.
   • Use zucchini or squash in place of green tomatoes.
2. Sweeteners:
   • Swap granulated sugar for brown sugar, honey, or maple syrup for a richer flavor.
3. Vinegar Variations:
   • Rice vinegar or balsamic vinegar can add unique flavor notes, but they may change the traditional taste.
4. Spice Adjustments:
   • For a spicier relish, increase hot peppers or add cayenne powder.
   • For a milder version, reduce mustard seeds or omit hot spices.

With these ingredients and substitution options, chow chow can be customized to create a relish that perfectly suits your palate while preserving its signature sweet-tart and spicy essence.

Tools and Equipment Required for Chow Chow

Must-Have Kitchen Tools for Chow Chow

1. Cutting Board and Sharp Knife:
   • Essential for chopping and dicing the vegetables into uniform sizes for even pickling.
2. Large Mixing Bowls:
   • Used to toss and combine vegetables with salt and spices before pickling.
3. Stockpot or Large Saucepan:
   • Necessary for boiling the pickling liquid and cooking the vegetable mixture.
4. Canning Jars with Lids:
   • Glass jars are a must for storing chow chow. Choose sterilized mason jars with airtight lids for proper preservation.
5. Jar Funnel:
   • Helps transfer the chow chow mixture into jars without spills, ensuring a clean seal.
6. Canning Rack or Tongs:
   • Used to safely lower jars into and out of the hot water bath during the canning process.
7. Measuring Cups and Spoons:
   • For accurately measuring vinegar, sugar, salt, and spices.
8. Stirring Spoon or Spatula:
   • Needed to mix ingredients evenly and scrape the pot during cooking.
9. Ladle:
   • For transferring the hot chow chow mixture into jars with ease.

Optional Tools for Convenience

1. Food Processor:
   • Speeds up chopping and ensures consistent vegetable sizes.
2. Mandoline Slicer:
   • Ideal for thinly slicing cabbage, onions, or peppers for a uniform texture.
3. Digital Kitchen Scale:
   • Ensures precise measurement of ingredients, particularly when scaling recipes.
4. Thermometer:
   • Useful for monitoring the water temperature during the canning process.
5. Vegetable Peeler:
   • Makes peeling carrots or other vegetables quick and easy.
6. Jar Lifter:
   • A specialized tool for securely gripping hot jars when removing them from the water bath.
7. Timer:
   • Helps track cooking and processing times for perfect results.

With these tools, both essential and optional, preparing and preserving chow chow becomes a straightforward and enjoyable process. Proper equipment ensures safety, efficiency, and a high-quality relish that can be enjoyed for months to come.

Step-by-Step Guide to Making Chow Chow

Preparing the Vegetables

1. Gather Ingredients:
   • Common vegetables include cabbage, green tomatoes, onions, bell peppers, carrots, and optional hot peppers.
   • Wash and pat dry all vegetables thoroughly.
2. Chop Vegetables:
   • Use a sharp knife, mandoline slicer, or food processor to chop vegetables into uniform sizes.
   • Aim for finely chopped pieces to ensure even pickling and flavor distribution.
3. Salt and Drain:
   • Toss the chopped vegetables with salt in a large bowl. This draws out excess moisture and enhances flavor.
   • Let the mixture sit for about 1–2 hours, then rinse thoroughly and drain.

Blanching and Seasoning

1. Blanching (Optional):
   • For a softer texture, blanch firmer vegetables like carrots or cauliflower in boiling water for 2–3 minutes, then transfer to an ice bath.
   • Drain and set aside.
2. Prepare the Spice Blend:
   • Combine your spices (e.g., mustard seeds, celery seeds, turmeric, and allspice) with sugar and vinegar in a separate bowl or directly in the cooking pot.

Cooking and Simmering the Relish

1. Prepare Pickling Liquid:
   • In a large stockpot, combine vinegar, sugar, and spices. Bring the mixture to a boil over medium-high heat, stirring to dissolve the sugar.
2. Add Vegetables:
   • Add the prepared vegetables to the pot. Stir well to ensure they are coated with the pickling liquid.
3. Simmer the Relish:
   • Reduce the heat to low and simmer for 15–20 minutes, stirring occasionally.
   • Taste and adjust seasonings, adding more sugar, salt, or spices if needed.

Sterilizing Jars for Preservation

1. Clean the Jars:
   • Wash jars and lids with hot, soapy water. Rinse thoroughly.
2. Sterilize the Jars:
   • Place jars in a large pot filled with boiling water. Boil for 10 minutes to sterilize.
   • Keep jars warm in the hot water until ready to use.
3. Prepare the Lids:
   • Heat the lids in simmering water (not boiling) for a few minutes to soften the seals.

Proper Canning Techniques

1. Fill the Jars:
   • Using a funnel, ladle the hot chow chow mixture into sterilized jars, leaving about ½ inch of headspace at the top.
   • Tap jars gently to remove air bubbles and wipe the rims clean.
2. Seal the Jars:
   • Place the lids on the jars and screw on the bands until fingertip-tight (not overly tight).
3. Process the Jars:
   • Place jars in a water bath canner with enough boiling water to cover them by at least 1 inch.
   • Process jars for 10–15 minutes, depending on your altitude and recipe instructions.
4. Cool and Check Seals:
   • Remove jars from the water bath using a jar lifter and place them on a towel to cool.
   • After cooling, check the seals by pressing the lid center. If it doesn’t pop back, the jar is sealed properly.

By following these steps, you’ll create a flavorful, well-preserved chow chow relish that’s ready to enhance meals for months. Proper preparation, cooking, and canning techniques ensure safety and long-lasting freshness.

Tips for the Best Chow Chow Relish

Balancing Sweetness, Tanginess, and Spice

1. Sweetness:
   • Use granulated sugar, brown sugar, or honey. Adjust the amount based on your taste.
   • For a less sweet version, reduce the sugar or use a sugar substitute like stevia.
2. Tanginess:
   • Apple cider vinegar provides a milder tang, while white vinegar delivers a sharper flavor. Experiment to find your preference.
3. Spice:
   • For mild heat, use a small amount of crushed red pepper or jalapeños. For more intense heat, add cayenne pepper or habaneros.

How to Avoid Overcooking Vegetables

1. Timing:
   • Cook the vegetables just until they are tender but still retain a slight crunch. Overcooking can result in a mushy texture.
2. Simmer Gently:
   • Keep the heat at a low simmer, stirring occasionally to prevent sticking. Avoid boiling the mixture vigorously.

Adjusting the Flavor Profile to Suit Your Taste

1. More Sweetness:
   • Add an extra tablespoon of sugar or honey for a sweeter relish.
2. More Tang:
   • Increase the vinegar slightly for a sharper flavor.
3. More Spice:
   • Add more hot peppers or a pinch of chili flakes for a fiery kick.

Variations of Chow Chow

Southern-Style Chow Chow

• Typically made with green tomatoes, cabbage, and onions.
• Sweet and tangy with a vinegar-forward profile.
• Commonly served as a topping for black-eyed peas or cornbread.

Spicy Chow Chow for Heat Lovers

• Add jalapeños, serranos, or habanero peppers for a spicy kick.
• Include crushed red pepper or cayenne in the spice blend for added heat.

Low-Sugar or Sugar-Free Chow Chow

• Use a natural sugar substitute like stevia, monk fruit, or erythritol.
• Rely on the natural sweetness of vegetables like carrots or bell peppers to enhance flavor.

Health Benefits of Chow Chow

Nutritional Benefits of Key Ingredients

1. Cabbage:
   • High in fiber, vitamins C and K, and antioxidants.
2. Peppers:
   • Rich in vitamin C and capsaicin, which can support metabolism.
3. Vinegar:
   • May help regulate blood sugar levels and promote satiety.

Probiotic Potential When Made Fermented

• Fermented chow chow, instead of vinegar-based, contains natural probiotics that promote gut health.
• Use salt brine instead of vinegar and allow the vegetables to ferment for 1–2 weeks in an airtight jar.

How It Supports Digestion and Gut Health

• The fiber from vegetables aids digestion and promotes regularity.
• Probiotic-rich chow chow can improve gut microbiota, enhancing overall digestion and immunity.

How to Serve Chow Chow

Pairing with Dishes

• Classic Pairings:
  • Serve as a topping for barbecue, pulled pork, or smoked meats.
  • Add to black-eyed peas, baked beans, or cornbread.
• Everyday Favorites:
  • Top hot dogs, hamburgers, or sausages for a tangy crunch.
  • Easy BBQ Burger Recipe: Use chow chow as a tangy topping for these smoky burgers.
  • Fried Cornbread Recipe: Serve chow chow alongside crispy cornbread for a perfect side dish.

Creative Uses in Sandwiches and Salads

• Spread on deli sandwiches or burgers for added flavor.
• Mix into coleslaw or potato salad to elevate the taste.

Serving Suggestions for Parties

• Offer chow chow as a dip or spread on a charcuterie board.
• Serve alongside crackers, cheese, or pickles for a rustic appetizer.

How to Store Chow Chow Relish

Storing in Jars for Long-Term Preservation

1. Canning:
   • Process jars in a boiling water bath for 10–15 minutes to ensure a proper seal.
   • Store in a cool, dark place for up to 1 year.

Freezing Options

1. Freeze in Containers:
   • Transfer cooled chow chow into freezer-safe containers, leaving 1 inch of headspace.
   • Freeze for up to 6 months. Thaw in the refrigerator before use.

Shelf Life and Spoilage Indicators

1. Properly Canned Relish:
   • Can last up to a year when stored in a cool, dark place.
2. Spoilage Signs:
   • Discard if the jar lid is bulging, the relish has an off smell, or visible mold is present.

By following these tips and exploring the variations, chow chow relish can become a versatile, nutritious, and flavorful addition to your kitchen.

Frequently Asked Questions About Chow Chow Recipe

What is chow chow made of?

Chow chow is made from a medley of chopped vegetables, such as cabbage, green tomatoes, onions, bell peppers, and carrots, pickled in a tangy and sweet vinegar-based brine. Spices like mustard seeds, turmeric, celery seeds, and allspice are often added for flavor. The recipe can vary widely depending on regional and personal preferences.

What is chow chow in the South?

In the South, chow chow is a traditional relish that is sweet, tangy, and slightly spicy. It typically includes green tomatoes, cabbage, and onions as the base ingredients. Southern chow chow is commonly served as a topping for black-eyed peas, collard greens, cornbread, or barbecue, adding a burst of flavor to classic comfort foods.

What is Amish chow chow made of?

Amish chow chow is a sweeter version of the relish and often includes additional vegetables like beans, corn, and cauliflower. This variation is popular at Amish markets and fairs and is typically enjoyed as a side dish or condiment with hearty meals. Its sweet profile makes it particularly unique among chow chow recipes.

What is the difference between pickle relish and chow chow?

The key difference lies in the ingredients and flavor profile:

• Pickle Relish: Made primarily from pickled cucumbers and is typically sweet, tangy, or dill-flavored.
• Chow Chow: A mixed vegetable relish with a more complex flavor that is tangy, sweet, and often mildly spiced. Chow chow uses a variety of vegetables, not just cucumbers.

Are there two types of chow chow?

Yes, there are generally two types of chow chow:

1. Southern-Style Chow Chow: Focuses on green tomatoes, cabbage, and onions with a tangy and slightly sweet flavor.
2. Amish or Northern-Style Chow Chow: Sweeter and includes a broader range of vegetables, such as beans and corn.

Is pickle relish just chopped up pickles?

Not entirely. While pickle relish is often made from chopped cucumbers, it also includes additional ingredients like vinegar, sugar, and spices to create its characteristic flavor. It’s not simply chopped pickles but a condiment prepared with a specific pickling process and seasoning.

These FAQs highlight the diversity and appeal of chow chow relish, distinguishing it from other condiments while showcasing its versatility.

Why Homemade Chow Chow is Better

Superior Flavor Compared to Store-Bought Options

Homemade chow chow offers unmatched freshness and depth of flavor. Unlike store-bought versions, which may contain preservatives or lack complexity, homemade chow chow allows you to control the quality of the ingredients and the balance of sweet, tangy, and spicy flavors. The result is a relish that tastes brighter, richer, and more authentic.

Healthier and Customizable

When you make chow chow at home, you have full control over what goes into it:

• Healthier Ingredients: Avoid artificial preservatives, excessive sugar, or unnecessary additives.
• Customizable Flavors: Adjust the sweetness, tanginess, or spice to suit your taste. Add more hot peppers for a kick, or reduce sugar for a lighter version.
• Dietary Adaptations: Easily create gluten-free, low-sugar, or fermented versions to fit dietary preferences or health goals.

Cost Savings and Sustainability

Making chow chow at home can be significantly more economical than buying pre-packaged jars:

• Cost Savings: Use vegetables that are in season or surplus from your garden to save money.
• Reduce Waste: Preserve excess vegetables that might otherwise go to waste, extending their shelf life.
• Sustainability: Homemade canning minimizes packaging waste and reliance on commercially processed products, making it an environmentally friendly choice.

Conclusion and Final Thoughts

Homemade chow chow is a versatile relish that elevates any meal with its tangy, sweet, and spicy notes. By linking it with related recipes like Baked Beans and Fried Cornbread, you can create a culinary experience that’s both satisfying and unforgettable.

By choosing homemade chow chow, you’re not only connecting with a rich culinary heritage but also creating a relish that’s uniquely yours, tailored to your tastes and needs. It’s a simple yet satisfying way to celebrate the art of preserving and sharing food.